Urology

Common urological conditions include kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, prostate enlargement (BPH), erectile dysfunction, male infertility, bladder and kidney cancer, hematuria (blood in the urine), and pelvic organ prolapse.

A urologist is a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats conditions related to the urinary tract (kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra) and the male reproductive system. They provide both medical and surgical treatments for issues such as kidney stones, prostate conditions, urinary infections, and urological cancers.

You should see a urologist if you have persistent urinary problems, pain in the kidneys or bladder, blood in your urine, difficulty urinating, symptoms of an enlarged prostate, erectile dysfunction, infertility concerns, or a history of recurrent urinary tract infections.

A urology visit typically includes a review of your medical history, a discussion of your symptoms, and a physical exam. Depending on your condition, your urologist may order tests such as urine analysis, imaging (ultrasound, CT scan), or urodynamic studies to assess bladder function. A treatment plan will be discussed based on the findings.

Common warning signs include frequent or painful urination, blood in the urine, difficulty starting or maintaining a urine stream, loss of bladder control, lower back or abdominal pain, swelling in the testicles, and changes in sexual function.

While urologists can diagnose and treat some complications of STDs, such as urethritis, epididymitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease, STDs are generally managed by primary care doctors or infectious disease specialists. However, if an STD affects the urinary or reproductive organs, a urologist may be involved in treatment.

Urologists offer a range of treatments, including medication therapy for infections and overactive bladder, minimally invasive procedures like HoLEP for enlarged prostate, lithotripsy for kidney stones, bladder and prostate cancer treatments, robotic-assisted surgery, and lifestyle recommendations for urinary health.

You should consult a urologist if you experience persistent urinary problems, blood in your urine, severe pain in your lower abdomen or back, recurrent UTIs, difficulty urinating, sexual dysfunction, or any abnormal changes in your bladder or prostate health.

Yes, while some conditions affect both men and women, others are gender specific. Men often see urologists for prostate issues, erectile dysfunction, or infertility, while women may seek care for urinary incontinence, recurrent UTIs, and pelvic organ prolapse.

It depends on your insurance plan. Some insurance providers require a referral from a primary care doctor, while others allow you to schedule directly with a urologist. Check with your provider to determine the requirements for your coverage.

Before your visit, gather relevant medical records, make a list of your symptoms, and bring a list of medications you’re taking. You may be asked to provide a urine sample, so it’s best to arrive hydrated. Some procedures may require fasting or stopping certain medications.