Bone & Joint

Tendonitis

Tendonitis is inflammation or irritation of a tendon, causing pain, stiffness and swelling near joints like the shoulder, elbow or Achilles. Most cases improve with rest, therapy and care. Learn about symptoms, causes and treatments.

Tendonitis, sometimes spelled tendinitis, occurs when a tendon — a thick cord connecting muscle to bone — becomes inflamed or irritated. It often affects the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, or Achilles tendon. Common signs include pain near a joint during movement, stiffness, and mild swelling.

Common symptoms of tendonitis

  • Localized pain and tenderness near a joint, worsening with activity
  • Stiffness, often worse after rest or in the morning
  • Mild swelling or warmth around the affected tendon
  • Reduced strength or range of motion in the nearby joint

What causes tendonitis?

  • Repetitive motions or overuse in work, sports, or hobbies
  • Sudden increase in activity or intensity without proper conditioning
  • Direct injury or repeated minor trauma
  • Poor biomechanics, technique, or ill-fitted equipment
  • Age-related changes, as tendons lose strength and blood supply over time

Who is at risk?

  • People with repetitive jobs or sports, like typing, painting, or tennis
  • Older adults
  • Individuals with conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis
  • Those with poor conditioning, muscle imbalance, or inadequate warm-up

How is tendonitis diagnosed?
Diagnosis usually begins with a medical history and physical exam. Clinicians ask about symptom onset, activities that worsen pain, and past injuries, and check for tenderness, swelling, range of motion, and strength. Imaging may be used if needed:

  • X-rays to rule out bone problems
  • Ultrasound to view tendon structure and inflammation
  • MRI for detailed images if a severe tendon tear or other issue is suspected

Treatment and what to expect
Most tendonitis cases improve with supportive care. Activity modification, rest, gentle rehabilitation, and time are often sufficient. Persistent or worsening symptoms may require evaluation by a TidalHealth specialist to help restore comfort and mobility.

What is the difference between tendonitis, tendinopathy, and tendonosis?

  • Tendonitis: tendon inflammation
  • Tendinopathy: broader term for tendon pain or problems
  • Tendonosis: long-term tendon changes without active inflammation
    Terms are used based on exam findings and imaging.

How is tendonitis treated?
Initial care includes rest, ice or cold packs, over-the-counter pain relief if appropriate, and gentle range-of-motion exercises. Physical therapy can improve flexibility, strength, and movement patterns. Some cases may require corticosteroid injections or platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

When should I see a doctor for tendon pain?
Seek care if pain is severe, you cannot use the joint, symptoms persist after 1–2 weeks of home care, or there is significant swelling, numbness, or red, hot skin.

Can tendonitis become chronic?
Yes, ongoing stress or degenerative changes can make tendonitis long-term. Early treatment with activity changes and rehabilitation reduces this risk.

Are steroid injections safe for tendonitis?
Corticosteroid injections may provide short-term relief, but repeated injections can weaken the tendon. Specialists use them cautiously and usually alongside physical therapy.

How long does recovery take?
Recovery varies by tendon, severity, and timing of care. Many improve in weeks to months with conservative treatment, though some cases take longer or require additional therapy.

How can I help prevent tendonitis?

  • Increase activity intensity gradually
  • Use proper technique and equipment
  • Warm up before exercise and maintain strength and flexibility
  • Take regular breaks from repetitive tasks
  • Make workspaces supportive and consider cross-training

Can I exercise with tendonitis?
Gentle, pain-free movements—especially guided by a physical therapist—are generally safe. Avoid movements causing sharp or worsening pain until inflammation subsides and recovery progresses.

Is surgery ever required for tendonitis?
Surgery is rare and considered only for severe tendon tears, chronic problems unresponsive to other treatments, or structural issues needing correction.

What should I do right now if I have a painful tendon?
Rest the area, avoid aggravating activities, apply ice for 10–20 minutes a few times daily if comfortable, and consider over-the-counter pain relief if safe. Seek healthcare guidance if symptoms are severe or persist beyond 1–2 weeks.