Lab & Imaging

Biopsies

A biopsy is when a small sample of tissue or cells is removed for testing to help diagnose infections, inflammation or cancer. Most biopsies are simple procedures with a short recovery time.

A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue or cells is removed for testing under a microscope. At TidalHealth, biopsies help diagnose conditions such as infections, inflammation, or cancer. They are usually recommended when imaging tests or a physical exam find an area that looks unusual and needs a clear diagnosis.

Types of Biopsies

  • Needle biopsies, including core or fine-needle aspiration
  • Excisional biopsies, where an entire lump is removed
  • Incisional biopsies, where part of a lesion is removed
  • Punch biopsies for the skin
  • Endoscopic biopsies using a thin, flexible scope
  • Image-guided biopsies using tools like ultrasound, CT, or MRI

Why a Biopsy May Be Needed

  • Confirm or rule out cancer
  • Identify specific types of disease and guide treatment
  • Detect infections or inflammation that require targeted care

What to Expect
Most biopsies are outpatient procedures. The area is cleaned and numbed with a local anesthetic. Needle biopsies may require a small incision. Larger biopsies may use sedation or general anesthesia, and image guidance can improve accuracy. Biopsy time ranges from a few minutes to about an hour, depending on the type.

After a Biopsy
Mild pain, bruising, swelling, or minor bleeding at the site is common. Recommendations usually include:

  • Resting for the day
  • Keeping the area clean and dry
  • Avoiding heavy lifting for a day or two
    If sedation is used, someone should drive you home, and you may have activity restrictions until fully recovered.

Risks and Outcomes
Biopsies are generally low risk. Possible issues include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Reaction to anesthesia
  • Rare damage to nearby structures
  • Scarring

Most results are ready within a few days to a week, though special tests may take longer. Once results are available, your care team will review your options, which may include further testing, follow-up care, or treatment.

Is a Biopsy Painful?
Most people experience only mild discomfort because the area is numbed with a local anesthetic. You may feel pressure or a quick sting as the sample is taken. If sedation or general anesthesia is used, you will remain comfortable and closely monitored.

How Long Does It Take to Get Biopsy Results?
Routine pathology results typically take 2 to 7 business days. Special tests, such as genetic or molecular testing, may take 1 to 3 weeks. Your provider will give a timeline specific to your biopsy.

Are There Risks I Should Worry About?
Risks include bleeding, infection, bruising, pain at the biopsy site, and rarely, injury to nearby structures. Our team will review potential risks and take steps to minimize them.

Do Biopsies Spread Cancer?
Properly performed biopsies do not increase the risk of cancer spread. They are essential for an accurate diagnosis and safe care.

Will I Need Anesthesia or Sedation?
Most surface-level biopsies use local anesthesia. Deeper or more complex procedures may require sedation or general anesthesia. Your specialist will explain your options and what to expect.

How Should I Prepare for a Biopsy?
Follow your provider’s instructions. You may need to stop certain medications, like blood thinners, or fast if sedation or anesthesia is planned. Bring a list of medications and arrange a driver if sedation is used.

Can I Return to Normal Activities After a Biopsy?
Many people resume light activities the same day. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for a day or two, or as directed. If you had sedation, you should not drive and will need someone to bring you home.

What Happens if My Biopsy Shows Cancer?
If cancer is found, additional testing may be needed to determine type and stage. Our team will review results, answer questions, discuss treatment options, and provide support resources or referrals as needed.

Will My Insurance Cover a Biopsy?
Most medically necessary biopsies are covered by insurance, but coverage can vary. Check with your insurer or our billing team for details on costs or pre-authorization.

When Should I Call My Doctor After a Biopsy?
Contact your provider if you experience:

  • Heavy bleeding that doesn’t stop
  • Pain not relieved by medication
  • Fever or chills
  • Redness, swelling, or drainage at the site
  • Any other concerning or new symptoms