Kidney stones
Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys. They can vary in size, and while small stones may pass without symptoms, larger stones can cause significant pain, block urine flow or lead to infection. Early detection and management are important to prevent complications.
Symptoms of Kidney Stones
- Sharp, cramping pain in the back or side, often radiating to the lower abdomen or groin
- Blood in the urine
- Painful urination
- Frequent urge to urinate
- Nausea or vomiting
Causes and Risk Factors
Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances — like calcium, oxalate, or uric acid — than it can dilute. Contributing factors include:
- Dehydration or low fluid intake
- Certain diets high in salt, protein or sugar
- Medical conditions such as gout or urinary tract infections
- Family history of kidney stones
Diagnosis
Your TidalHealth team may use imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI or ultrasound to locate and measure stones. Urine tests can help identify substances that contribute to stone formation. These steps help guide the best treatment approach.
Treatment Options
- Non-surgical: Medications and increased fluid intake to help smaller stones pass naturally
- Minimally invasive: Shock wave therapy (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ESWL) to break up stones
- Laser or surgical treatments: Used for larger or more complex stones
Your care plan will be tailored to the stone type, size, and your individual needs. Pain management, follow-up monitoring, and prevention strategies are part of a comprehensive approach.
Preventing Kidney Stones
- Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated
- Follow dietary recommendations based on your stone type
- Take medications if prescribed to reduce the risk of recurrence
What are kidney stones?
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and may cause pain when passing through the urinary tract.
What causes kidney stones?
Excess minerals in urine that cannot be dissolved, often due to dehydration, diet, medical conditions or family history.
What are the symptoms?
Back or side pain, pain in the lower abdomen or groin, blood in urine, painful urination, frequent urination, nausea or vomiting.
How are kidney stones diagnosed?
Through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans or MRI, and sometimes urine tests to identify stone-forming substances.
How are kidney stones treated?
Small stones may pass with fluids and medications, while larger stones may require shock wave therapy, laser treatment or minimally invasive procedures.
When should I see a specialist?
Seek care if you have severe pain, blood in urine, fever, or difficulty urinating, as these could indicate complications.
Can kidney stones be prevented?
Yes — hydration, dietary adjustments, and, in some cases, medications can help reduce the risk of future stones. Your care team will provide personalized guidance.
