Warts

Warts Overview
Warts are common, usually benign skin growths caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). They can appear almost anywhere on the body and vary by type. Common warts are raised and rough, often on the hands. Plantar warts form flat, thickened areas on the soles of the feet and may be painful. Flat warts are small, smooth, and slightly raised, often appearing in clusters on the face or legs. Filiform warts have thread-like projections and commonly occur around the mouth, eyes, or nose. Most warts are harmless and may resolve on their own over months or years.

Symptoms

• Usually painless but may itch
• Can bleed if irritated or cause discomfort, especially on pressure points like the soles of the feet
• May appear alone or in groups
• Small black dots may be visible, representing tiny blood vessels

Causes
Warts are caused by specific strains of HPV. The virus enters through small cuts or abrasions in the skin, leading to rapid growth of skin cells.

Risk Factors

• More common in children and teenagers
• Increased risk with skin contact in communal areas, such as locker rooms or pools
• Higher risk in people with weakened immune systems
• Nail-biting or skin picking can spread warts to nearby areas

Diagnosis
Warts are often diagnosed by visual exam. If a growth looks unusual, changes quickly, or bleeds, a biopsy may be recommended to rule out other skin conditions. If you are unsure about a growth or notice changes, contact your practitioner for evaluation.

Are warts contagious?
Yes. Warts can spread through direct skin contact, shared items like towels or razors, or walking barefoot in communal areas. They can also spread to other parts of your body if touched or picked.

How are warts treated?
Many warts resolve without treatment. Options include over-the-counter salicylic acid, clinician-performed cryotherapy, prescription topical medications, laser therapy, or minor surgical removal. Treatment depends on wart type, location, symptoms, and patient preference.

Can I treat warts at home?
Over-the-counter salicylic acid and some home freezing products may help common warts when used as directed. Do not treat warts on the face, genitals, or mucous membranes at home. Seek care if a wart is painful, bleeding, changing, or not improving.

Will removing a wart keep it from coming back?
Removal treats the visible wart but may not eliminate the virus. Some warts can recur. Recurrent or multiple warts may need additional treatment or specialist care.

When should I see a doctor?
See a specialist if you are unsure of the diagnosis, if a wart is painful, bleeding, growing quickly, on the face or genitals, if you have diabetes or a weakened immune system, or if home treatment fails after several weeks.

Are some warts dangerous?
Most are benign, but warts that change color, shape, or size, or that bleed, should be evaluated to rule out other conditions, including skin cancer. Genital warts require specific care.

How can I reduce the chance of getting or spreading warts?

• Keep skin clean and dry
• Avoid walking barefoot in communal areas
• Do not share personal items like towels or razors
• Avoid nail-biting or picking at warts
• Cover warts during activities that could spread them
• Ask your provider about the HPV vaccine for prevention of certain HPV-related conditions

If you have concerns about a skin growth or questions about treatment, contact your practitioner for personalized guidance.