Knee Replacement Surgery

Overview of Knee Replacement Surgery

Knee replacement surgery involves replacing damaged or deteriorated parts of the knee joint with artificial components, which can alleviate pain and improve knee function.

Surgeons evaluate factors like range of motion, stability, and strength, often aided by X-rays, to determine if this procedure is appropriate. The choice of artificial joints and surgical techniques is tailored to individual factors such as age, weight, activity level, knee anatomy, and overall health of the patient.  

---

Why Knee Replacement is Performed 

Knee replacement surgery is a common solution for knee pain and disability, often caused by conditions like osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a condition where the cushioning cartilage in the joint wears down, leading to limited movement and discomfort. This can make everyday activities like walking or climbing stairs difficult and may cause swelling or instability in the knee joint. Other types of arthritis or knee injuries can also contribute to joint degeneration. When non-surgical treatments like medications, therapy, or lifestyle changes aren't effective, knee replacement surgery may be recommended to replace damaged parts of the knee joint with artificial components. 

---

How Knee Replacement Surgery Works 

Your orthopedic surgeon will make an incision over your knee to expose the joint. The damaged cartilage and bone will be removed with precision guides and instrumentation and then the prosthesis will be implanted to improve the joint motion, correct alignment, and decrease pain.  

A total knee replacement consists of three components. The metal tibial component replaces the top surface of the lower bone, the tibia. The metal femoral component replaces the bottom portion of the upper bone. A plastic insert is placed between the tibial and femoral components. If necessary, the kneecap is resurfaced with a plastic patellar component. 

---

Risks of Knee Replacement 

Knee replacement surgery, like any surgery, carries risks. These can include: 

• Blood clots 
• Infection 
• Nerve, blood vessel, and ligament injuries 
• Loosening of the joint replacement 
• Hematoma/ bleeding 

Talk to your doctor about any concerns before the procedure. 

---

Typical Results of a Knee Replacement 

You should expect a successful outcome from your joint replacement surgery. Generally, patients experience less pain and more mobility, and can resume most of the activities they enjoyed before the onset of joint problems. Many studies have shown that joint replacements last at least 15-20 years. Your lifestyle, activities, and how you care for your new replacement will have a huge impact on the life of your joint replacement. Your artificial joint should last longer if you maintain your ideal weight and avoid high-impact activities. 

---

Preparing for Surgery 

Preparing for joint replacement surgery involves several important steps to ensure a smooth process and successful recovery. Here's a list of ways to prepare: 

• Designate a caregiver: Having someone to support and assist you during the initial days after surgery is crucial for a smooth recovery process. 
• Complete paperwork: Fill out any required forms promptly. 
• Attend pre-surgical classes: These classes help you understand the procedure and prepare you for what to expect before and after surgery. 
• Prepare your home: Make necessary adjustments to your living space to accommodate your post-surgery needs, including installing grab bars and considering medical equipment. 
• Attend all appointments and complete pre-surgical testing: There will be appointments and testing for pre-operative clearance. Be sure to attend all to ensure your surgery will be performed as scheduled. 
• Attend prehabilitation: Improve your physical condition before surgery to aid in a smoother recovery process. 
• Stop or adjust medications: Some medications may need to be stopped or adjusted before surgery to reduce risks and complications. 
• Prevent surgical site infections: Follow guidelines to minimize the risk of infections before and after surgery, including dental care, hygiene practices, and skin preparation. 
• Pack for your hospital stay: Pack comfortable clothing, necessary toiletries, and any essential medical equipment. 

• Follow special instructions: Adhere to specific guidelines provided for the day of surgery, including dietary restrictions and hygiene practices. 

Following steps to prepare can help ensure a successful joint replacement surgery and a smoother recovery process. 

---

After Your Knee Replacement Surgery 

The right post-surgery rehabilitation plan is crucial for a successful recovery. Together with the Joint Replacement Coordinator, you’ll tailor a plan based on your pre-surgery physical condition and available support at home. Options like outpatient physical therapy, home health care, sub-acute care, and acute rehabilitation will be explored, with various providers to choose from. It’s recommended to select providers for each level of care in advance, and verify your insurance coverage for these services prior to your pre-surgical class. 

You will be encouraged to make it your goal to go home; recovering at home helps you get back to your daily routine faster. Opt for outpatient therapy whenever possible, as it’s typically more effective. Even if you live alone, enlist the support of caregivers, friends, and family for the first few days after returning home to aid in your recovery. 

Life After Your Knee Replacement 

Life after joint replacement involves several considerations to ensure a smooth transition and optimal recovery: 

• Traveling: When traveling long distances, change position regularly and perform ankle pumps if sitting for long periods. Expect to set off security systems due to your new joint, which is normal. 
• Exercises and activity: Maintain an active lifestyle with low-impact activities like swimming, walking, gardening, and golf. Avoid high-impact exercises or contact sports to prevent joint damage. 
• Reducing infection risk: Be vigilant for signs of infection, especially within the first two years after surgery. Seek medical attention for sudden pain or infection symptoms elsewhere in your body. Follow antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines for dental and invasive procedures. 
• Follow-up care: Schedule a follow-up appointment with your surgeon two to three weeks after surgery for incision check and rehabilitation progress monitoring. 

---

Contact Us

---

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Knee Replacement Surgery